Abstract
The effects of region, genotype, harvest year, and their interaction were evaluated in relation to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wheat kernels. The study provides a theoretical basis for wheat authentication. A total of 148 wheat samples with 10 genotypes (G) from three regions (R) across 2011/2012, 2012/2013, 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016 (Y) were collected, and the VOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). The results showed that R, G, and Y all significantly affected the VOCs of wheat. Y significantly influenced 23 VOCs such as Dihydro-2(3h)-furanone (78.41%) and Pentan-1-ol (66.06%), and G significantly influenced Butanal (23.59%). Additionally, the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) analysis method results showed that the overall correct classification of the five harvest years was 98%, whereas the correct rate of distinguishing ten genotypes was only 27.00%. Under the interaction effects of multiple factors, the overall correct classification rate for identifying wheat from three regions was 54.10%.
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