Abstract
The purpose of this study was to improve the dielectric, magnetic, and thermal properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites using recycled Fe2O3 (rFe2O3) nanofiller. Hematite (Fe2O3) was recycled from mill scale waste and the particle size was reduced to 11.3 nm after 6 h of high-energy ball milling. Different compositions (5–25 wt %) of rFe2O3 nanoparticles were incorporated as a filler in the PTFE matrix through a hydraulic pressing and sintering method in order to fabricate rFe2O3–PTFE nanocomposites. The microstructure properties of rFe2O3 nanoparticles and the nanocomposites were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs) of the PTFE matrix and nanocomposites were determined using a dilatometer apparatus. The complex permittivity and permeability were measured using rectangular waveguide connected to vector network analyzer (VNA) in the frequency range 8.2–12.4 GHz. The CTE of PTFE matrix decreased from to when the filler loading increased to 25 wt %. The real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) parts of permittivity increased with the rFe2O3 loading and reached maximum values of 3.1 and 0.23 at 8 GHz when the filler loading was increased from 5 to 25 wt %. A maximum complex permeability of was also achieved by 25 wt % nanocomposite at 10 GHz.
Highlights
Mill scale scrap is considered as a solid waste generated in the steel and iron industries.In general, nearly (8–15) kg of mill scale waste is produced per 1000 kg of steel, and the annual production of mill scale waste is over 13.5 million tons according to preliminary statistics
Nearly (8–15) kg of mill scale waste is produced per 1000 kg of steel, and the annual production of mill scale waste is over 13.5 million tons according to preliminary statistics
This was followed by the application of the magnetic separation technique (MST) and Curie temperature separation technique (CTST) to further purify the powdered mill scale
Summary
Mill scale scrap is considered as a solid waste generated in the steel and iron industries. Nearly (8–15) kg of mill scale waste is produced per 1000 kg of steel, and the annual production of mill scale waste is over 13.5 million tons according to preliminary statistics. Most of this waste is stockpiled in factories due to its limited utilization. The iron protoxide in this waste can be dissolved in acid rain and subsequently transferred into soil and ground waters. Mill scale waste has a dual concern with respect to environmental pollution and land occupancy. It is crucial to develop a cleaner method to solve the abundant mill scale resource issue [1]
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