Abstract
The impact of temperature and oxygen pressure on the basic performance of hydrothermal reactions and dissolved organic matter (DOM) was investigated. The results showed that total chemical oxygen demand and volatile suspended solids removal rate achieved a maximum of 72 % and 99 %, respectively, at 260 °C and 0.9 MPa oxygen pressure. Oxygen demonstrated a significant role in enhancing sludge particle dissolution. The interaction with temperature resulted in a complex trend for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm. Acetic acid and formic acid were identified as the prominent volatile fatty acids, with formic acid prevalent at lower temperatures, while acetic acid accumulated with increasing temperature and oxygen pressure. Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was also employed to analyse DOM as over half of the DOC remained unknown. Parallel factor analysis indicated that three components with 8 peaks in total might represent a universal feature for fluorescent DOM in hydrothermal reaction solution. The deciphered data from FTICR-MS indicated that lipids and lignins as well as CHOS and CHON molecules were the main components of DOM. Meanwhile, condensed hydrocarbons were formed at high temperatures in wet oxidation runs. Moreover, identification of C19H32O3S, C18H30O3S and C18H26N2O3 as crucial intermediates further enriched the understanding of hydrothermal reactions in municipal sludge.
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