Abstract
ABSTRACTA nanocube is a single nanoscale crystal with a cubic shape. Raw materials are an important factor in determining the synthesis of nanocubes. In this study, we investigated various niobium compounds that serve as raw materials, each inducing different effects during nanocube synthesis. Perovskite sodium niobate (NaNbO3) nanocubes were synthesized using a two-step process. The first step in this process, synthesis of the raw materials, was followed by solvothermal synthesis of NaNbO3 nanocubes. The raw material for the first step was obtained by applying heat treatment to a precursor following Nb hydrolysis. The heat treatment was performed at temperatures of 300–1000°C. Nb2O5 was obtained after heat treatment of its precursor, during which its crystalline system morphed into hexagonal, orthorhombic, and monoclinic systems with respective increases in temperature. For the second step, we obtained various NaNbO3 morphologies via the solvothermal method using water, methanol, or ethanol as a reaction medium. NaNbO3 nanocubes were formed by applying the solvothermal method to the synthesized precursor during heat treatment at 800°C. Solvothermal synthesis was performed with methanol as the reaction medium at 200°C, which resulted in the formation of NaNbO3 nanocubes.
Highlights
Perovskite sodium niobate (NaNbO3), which has an orthorhombic structure [1], is widely recognized and used as an antiferroelectric material
A monoclinic system, the raw materials remained due to their low solubility in solvent (Figure 7(f)). These results indicate and confirm the clear effect that raw materials have on NaNbO3 nanocube synthesis when using the solvothermal method
The NaNbO3 particle size was in the range of tens of nanometers
Summary
Perovskite sodium niobate (NaNbO3), which has an orthorhombic structure [1], is widely recognized and used as an antiferroelectric material. An examination of the morphology of NaNbO3 was conducted in addition to an analysis of its crystal structure Liquid reaction processes such as the coprecipitation, sol-gel, and solvothermal methods are effective techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles. We have investigated the properties and morphologies of particles for nanocube synthesis, such as barium titanate (BaTiO3) [5,6], strontium titanate (SrTiO3) [6,7,8,9], potassium niobate (KNbO3) [10,11,12], barium zirconate (BaZrO3) [13,14], and strontium zirconate (SrZrO3) [15] These nanocubes were synthesized using the solvothermal, hydrothermal, or composite-hydroxidemediated approaches
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