Abstract
Our understanding of oncogenic signaling pathways has strongly fostered current concepts for targeted therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer. The RALA pathway is novel candidate due to its independent role in controlling expression of genes downstream of RAS.We compared RALA GTPase activities in three colorectal cancer cell lines by GTPase pull-down assay and analyzed the transcriptional and phenotypic effects of transient RALA silencing. Knocking-down RALA expression strongly diminished the active GTP-bound form of the protein. Proliferation of KRAS mutated cell lines was significantly reduced, while BRAF mutated cells were mostly unaffected. By microarray analysis we identified common genes showing altered expression upon RALA silencing in all cell lines. None of these genes were affected when the RAF/MAPK or PI3K pathways were blocked.To investigate the potential clinical relevance of the RALA pathway and its associated transcriptome, we performed a meta-analysis interrogating progression-free survival of colorectal cancer patients of five independent data sets using Cox regression. In each dataset, the RALA-responsive signature correlated with worse outcome.In summary, we uncovered the impact of the RAL signal transduction on genetic program and growth control in KRAS- and BRAF-mutated colorectal cells and demonstrated prognostic potential of the pathway-responsive gene signature in cancer patients.
Highlights
With nearly 800,000 new cases each year, colon cancer is the second most common malignancy in the world
In view of the role of RALA in RAS-induced tumorigenesis in human cells [27] and its involvement in colorectal cancer [28], we investigated the role of RALA in colorectal cancer cell lines carrying KRAS mutations in codon 12, 13 or the BRAF V600E mutation
The RALA pathway is robustly active in colorectal cancer cell lines harboring KRAS or BRAF driver mutations
Summary
With nearly 800,000 new cases each year, colon cancer is the second most common malignancy in the world. We uncovered the impact of the RAL signal transduction on genetic program and growth control in KRAS- and BRAF-mutated colorectal cells and demonstrated prognostic potential of the pathway-responsive gene signature in cancer patients. RALA activity and RAL pathway-mediated phenotypic effects in colorectal cancer cell lines harboring different driver mutations
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