Effects of Radiative Electro-Magnetohydrodynamics Diminishing Internal Energy of Pressure-Driven Flow of Titanium Dioxide-Water Nanofluid due to Entropy Generation.

Ahmed Zeeshan,Rahmat Ellahi,Nasir Shehzad,Tehseen Abbas

doi:10.3390/e21030236

Abstract

The internal average energy loss caused by entropy generation for steady mixed convective Poiseuille flow of a nanofluid, suspended with titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles in water, and passed through a wavy channel, was investigated. The models of thermal conductivity and viscosity of titanium dioxide of 21 nm size particles with a volume concentration of temperature ranging from 15 °C to 35 °C were utilized. The characteristics of the working fluid were dependent on electro-magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) and thermal radiation. The governing equations were first modified by taking long wavelength approximations, which were then solved by a homotopy technique, whereas for numerical computation, the software package BVPh 2.0 was utilized. The results for the leading parameters, such as the electric field, the volume fraction of nanoparticles and radiation parameters for three different temperatures scenarios were examined graphically. The minimum energy loss at the center of the wavy channel due to the increase in the electric field parameter was noted. However, a rise in entropy was observed due to the change in the pressure gradient from low to high.

Highlights

Heat transfer enhancement has gained much attention in the field of technological and industrial applications—like thermal devices—owing to the cooling rate, which highly affects the manufactured product with the desired topographies
The electro-magnetohydrodynamic heat transfer characteristics for an incompressible fluid by virtue of ohmic and thermal dissipations was numerically testified by Pal and Mondal [2]
Authors examined that the velocity distribution increased with the increase of the electric field parameter, while the temperature decreased with the electric field parameter

Summary

Introduction

Heat transfer enhancement has gained much attention in the field of technological and industrial applications—like thermal devices—owing to the cooling rate, which highly affects the manufactured product with the desired topographies. Over the years many methodologies and techniques have been used to investigate heat exchange in fluids. The electro-magnetohydrodynamic heat transfer characteristics for an incompressible fluid by virtue of ohmic and thermal dissipations was numerically testified by Pal and Mondal [2]. Heat transfer can be improved by presenting nanoparticles with high heat transfer characteristics in a low volume fraction within the nanofluids. Nanofluid is a new idea of nanotechnology, which is used to enhance the property of the thermal conductivity in fluids [3].

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Results

Conclusion