Abstract
The effects of radiation and convection on the mechanism of flame spread over a thin combustible solid have been studied. The gas velocity and temperature profiles near flames spreading downward over paper were measured using particle tracer techniques and fine-wire thermocouples. The air stream moving vertically upward was decelerated as it approached the leading edge of a stably spreading flame, and a lower velocity region appeared near the paper surface in front of the leading flame edge. When a low-velocity air stream flowed vertically downward, vortices appeared near the spreading flame. The temperature profiles near a stably spreading flame indicated that a large amount of heat flowed to the unburned material in a narrow region adjacent to the pyrolysis front. When the air flowed vertically downward, hot gas flowed along the paper surface in front of the pyrolysis front. The increase of the flame spread rate with the increase of the radiative heat flux was attributed mainly to the increase of the surface temperature due to radiative heating. The flame spread rate was shown to be closely related to the velocity profile just in front of the leading edge of the spreading flame.
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