Abstract
Third instars of Chrysopa carnea Stephens can tolerate a wide range of doses of fenvalerate (cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 4-chloro- a -(1-methylethyl) benzeneacetate), permethrin (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl ( cis, trans -3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), cis - and trans -permethrin. Larvae exhibited marked tolerance to all pyrethroids over a 72 h period when dosed topically with 250 µg insecticide/insect. Larval survivorship, adult emergence, and fecundity were unaffected by permethrin but not by fenvalerate at the 1000 µg/g level through one generation (larva to larva); female longevity, however, was decreased by permethrin. The ED50 value (paralysis, failure to pupate, knockdown, and mortality) for fenvalerate was ca. 1000 µg/g whereas ED50 values for the other compounds could not be determined but would be greater than 25,000 µg/g.
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