Abstract
Purple seed stain disease, caused by (Cercospora kukuchii), is a major concern in soybean (Glycine max (L.)) in Mississippi, USA, due to its effects on seed quality, reducing soybean seed grade and potential market price at elevators. Therefore, investigating the effects of purple seed stain (PSS) on seed quality (germination and vigor) and seed composition (nutrition) is critical. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PSS on seed harvest index, seed germination, seed vigor, and seed composition components (protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars). A field experiment was initiated in 2019 in Stoneville, MS, at the Delta Research and Extension Center (DREC) on a Commerce silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Fluventic Epiaquepts). Soybean variety Credenz 4748 LL was used. The results showed that infected (symptomatic) seed had a 5.5% greater Seed Index (based on 100 seed weight) when compared to non-infected (non-symptomatic, as control) seed. Non-infected seed had greater percent germination and seedling vigor when compared to infected seed. Germination was 30.9% greater and vigor was 58.3% greater in non-infected seed. Also, the results showed that infected seed with PSS had higher protein content and some amino acids. No changes in total oil and fatty acids. Sucrose and stachyose were lower in infected seed than in non-infected seed. The research showed that PSS impacted seed health and seed quality (germination and vigor) and seed composition (protein, sugars, and some amino acids). Purple stained seed should be avoided when planting and should be managed properly as low germination is a potential risk. Planting population should be adjusted accordingly due to lack of germination and vigor if PSS is present. This research help growers for purple seed management, and scientists to further understand the potential negative impact on seed quality and nutrition. Further research is needed before conclusive recommendations are made.
Highlights
Purple Seed Stain (Cercospora blight), caused by the fungus Cercospora kikuchii, is a major disease in Mississippi, USA, and a worldwide disease, leading to purple seed [1], causing reduced market grade, poor processing qualities, and reduced seed vigor [2,3]
The lower sucrose and stachyose, and higher protein, and alteration of some amino acids in infected seed than in the non-infected seed were shown by previous researchers, the effects of fungal diseases, including purple seed stain (PSS) is still not well understood, and what is available in the literature is still conflicting
Our research showed a decrease in sucrose and stachyose, and no changes in oil, fatty acids, disagreeing with those of previous research who noticed a reduction in palmitic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic [28,29]
Summary
Purple Seed Stain (Cercospora blight), caused by the fungus Cercospora kikuchii, is a major disease in Mississippi, USA, and a worldwide disease, leading to purple seed [1], causing reduced market grade, poor processing qualities, and reduced seed vigor [2,3]. Plants 2020, 9, 993 refers to germination and vigor; seed composition refers to seed protein, oil, fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, and other constituents such as isoflavones and phenolics [4,5]. Major components that influence seed quality are seed germination, vigor, nutrients content, and seed health. Seed vigor refers to the potential performance of seed under adverse planting and environmental conditions by estimating the seedling growth and health over time using growth test. This test is designed to indicate that seeds with high vigor grow at a faster rate as compared to seeds with low vigor potential
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