Effects of pulsed electrical stimulation on growth factor gene expression and proliferation in human dermal fibroblasts.

Abstract

Human dermal fibroblast proliferation plays an important role in skin wound healing, and electrical stimulation (ES) promotes skin wound healing. Although the use of ES for skin wound healing has been investigated, the mechanism underlying the effects of ES on cells is still unclear. This study examined the effects of pulsed electrical stimulation (PES) on human dermal fibroblasts. Normal adult human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to a frequency of 4800Hz, voltage of 1-5V, and PES exposure time of 15, 30, and 60min. Dermal fibroblast proliferation and growth factor gene expression were investigated for 6-48h post PES. Dermal fibroblast proliferation significantly increased from 24 to 48h post PES at a voltage of 5V and PES exposure time of 60min. Under the same conditions, post PES, platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression significantly increased from 6 to 24h, 12 to 48h, and 24 to 48h, respectively. Imatinib, a specific inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, significantly inhibited the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts promoted by PES, suggesting that PDGFA expression, an early response of PES, was involved in promoting the cell proliferation. Therefore, PES at 4800Hz may initially promote PDGFA expression and subsequently stimulate the expression of two other growth factors, resulting in dermal fibroblast proliferation after 24h or later. In conclusion, PES may activate the cell growth phase of wound healing.