Abstract
Abstract More stringent gradation requirements than found in ASTM C 33 are sometimes specified to provide a more well-graded particle size distribution, presumably reducing voids, improving workability, thereby reducing water demand, and requiring less cement. Little information is available regarding the effects of gradation on frost durability. A two-phase study examined the effects of selected aggregate gradations on water demand, selected mechanical properties, and deicer salt scaling resistance. In the first phase, the effects of the “8-to-18” combined aggregate gradation, using crushed stone and natural sand, were examined. In the second phase, the effects of fine aggregate gradation were examined for manufactured sands with different angularities. This study found that water demand and deicer salt scaling were both compromised using the “8-to-18” approach. Little, if any, real difference in water demand and scaling resistance between well-graded and uniformly graded manufactured sands was found, however, angularity did have a significant effect.
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