Effects of prolonged neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition on the development and expression of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats

Abstract

It is well known that nitric oxide (NO) interacts with dopamine (DA) within the striatal circuitry. The anti-dyskinetic properties of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors demonstrate the importance of NO in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID). Here, we investigated the ability of a daily co-treatment of the preferential neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 30 mg/kg), with l-DOPA (30 mg/kg) to counteract LID in unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. We analyzed striatal nNOS-expressing interneurons, DA and 5-HT neurochemistry in the striatum and alterations of the Fos-B/ΔFosB expression in the corticostriatal, nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways. Prolonged administration of 7-NI inhibited the manifestation of chronic l-DOPA treatment-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). LID was associated with an up-regulation in the number of nNOS-expressing interneurons in the lateral but not medial striatum. nNOS inhibition reduced the number of nNOS-expressing interneurons. The anti-dyskinetic effects of 7-NI correlated with a reduction in DA and 5-HT turnover in the striatum. At postsynaptic striatal sites, 7-NI prevented l-DOPA-induced Fos-B/ΔFosB up-regulation in the motor cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum. Finally, 7-NI blocked Fos-B/ΔFosB expression in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive interneurons in the striatum. These results provide further evidence of the molecular mechanisms by which NOS-inhibiting compounds attenuate LID. The involvement of NO with DA and 5-HT neurochemistry may contribute to the understanding of this new, non-dopaminergic therapy for the management of LID.