Abstract
We aimed to study the effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on broilers challenged by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One-day-old Cobb 500 chicks (360) were divided randomly into three treatment groups for 47 days: no supplementation (control, CON), B. coagulans supplementation (BC), and L. plantarum supplementation (LA). Broilers were routinely fed for 42 days and intraperitoneally injected with 500 μg LPS per kg body weight at 43, 45, and 47 days of age, respectively. Samples were collected 3 h after the last injection. At 1–21 days of age, the ADG in the BC and LA groups was higher than that in the CON group, and the feed to gain ratio (F/G) in the BC group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with that in CON birds, the ADG was increased and the F/G was decreased in the BC and LA birds at 22–42 and 1–42 days of age, respectively (P < 0.05). After LPS stimulation, the endotoxin (ET), diamine oxidase (DAO), and D-lactic acid (D-LA) levels in the BC group were lower than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). The IgY, IgA, and IgM contents in the BC group and the IgY and IgM contents in the LA group were higher than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). The pro-inflammatory factor and interferon-β (IFN-β) contents (P < 0.05) decreased, and the anti-inflammatory factor content in the serum (P < 0.05) increased in the BC and LA groups. Compared with the CON and LA treatments, the BC treatment increased the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and decreased that of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). In contrast with the CON treatment, the BC and LA treatments increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and reduced that of Desulfovibrio (P < 0.05). Moreover, BC increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Overall, supplementation with B. coagulans and L. plantarum promoted the growth of broilers, improved their immunity and antioxidant capacity, and alleviated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response by regulating the intestinal flora.
Highlights
High human demand for poultry meat has led to intensive production, and intensive systems are susceptible to production diseases such as oxidative stress, diarrhea, and enteritis [1, 2]
The weight of the broilers after LPS stimulation were not recorded due to experimental errors, it could be inferred from the results of this study and those of previous studies that the addition of B. coagulans and L. plantarum could improve the growth performance of broilers [17, 18], which may benefit the resistance of broilers to anti-inflammatory consumption
Our study showed that B. coagulans reduced the levels of ET, diamine oxidase (DAO), and D-L. plantarum supplementation (LA) in the serum of broilers challenged by LPS
Summary
High human demand for poultry meat has led to intensive production, and intensive systems are susceptible to production diseases such as oxidative stress, diarrhea, and enteritis [1, 2]. Inflammation associated with the innate immune responses is a common challenge for poultry farms and leads to significant economic losses [3]. Such as GSH Px, SOD, and CAT are antioxidant enzymes and MDA is the product of lipid peroxidation. Recent a study found that excess cadmium (Cd) decreased SOD and CAT, increased MDA, and caused common carp liver oxidative stress [4]. Another study demonstrated that the down-regulation of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT, as well as the up-regulation of MDA took part in Cd-induced oxidative stress; the up-regulation of TNF-α and the down-regulation of IL-10 took part in Cd-induced immunosuppression in common carp gills [5]. Benbara et al [11] have demonstrated the safety of Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum S27) and its beneficial effects on the performance of chickens
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