Abstract
In the present study, Mg (1.98 and 2.5) vol % TiO2 nanocomposites are primarily synthesized utilizing solid-phase blend-press-sinter powder metallurgy (PM) technique and liquid-phase disintegrated melt deposition technique (DMD) followed by hot extrusion. Microstructural characterization of the synthesized Mg-TiO2 nanocomposites indicated significant grain refinement with DMD synthesized Mg nanocomposites exhibiting as high as ~47% for 2.5 vol % TiO2 NPs addition. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that texture randomization of pure Mg depends not only on the critical amount of TiO2 NPs added to the Mg matrix but also on the adopted synthesis methodology. Irrespective of the processing technique, theoretically predicted tensile yield strength of Mg-TiO2 nanocomposites was found to be primarily governed by Hall-Petch mechanism. Among the synthesized Mg materials, solid-phase synthesized Mg 1.98 vol % TiO2 nanocomposite exhibited a maximum tensile fracture strain of ~14.5%. Further, the liquid-phase synthesized Mg-TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited higher tensile and compression properties than those primarily processed by solid-phase synthesis. The tensile-compression asymmetry values of the synthesized Mg-TiO2 nanocomposite was found to be lower than that of pure Mg with solid-phase synthesized Mg 1.98 vol % TiO2 nanocomposite exhibiting as low as 1.06.
Highlights
Magnesium (Mg) is the lightest of all structural metals having a low density of 1.74 g/cm3 which is approximately two-thirds that of Al (2.7 g/cm3), one-fifth that of steel (7.9 g/cm3) and in close comparison to that of plastics (0.92–2.17 g/cm3) [1]
The porosity value of pure Mg was found to increase with the addition of TiO2 reinforcements and among the synthesized Mg materials, the powder metallurgy (PM) processed materials were found to possess higher porosity with Mg 2.5 vol % TiO2 nanocomposites exhibiting the maximum of ~0.3%
Grain size of both disintegrated melt deposition technique (DMD) and PM synthesized pure Mg decreases with the addition of TiO2 NPs contributing to the Hall-Petch strengthening
Summary
Magnesium (Mg) is the lightest of all structural metals having a low density of 1.74 g/cm which is approximately two-thirds that of Al (2.7 g/cm3), one-fifth that of steel (7.9 g/cm3) and in close comparison to that of plastics (0.92–2.17 g/cm3) [1]. When compared to other metals, the Young’s modulus of Mg materials (40–45 GPa) is closer to that of natural bone (3–20 GPa) and thereby assists in mitigation of stress shielding effects with possibility to eliminate secondary surgery for the implant removal when utilized as a biomaterial especially for orthopedic applications. Presence of possible deformation mechanisms such as basal slip, prismatic slip, pyramidal slip and several twinning modes complicates the deformation behavior of materials with hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure such as Mg [10]
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