Abstract
The effect of coagulation and ozonation as pretreatments for granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration on calcium accumulation onto GAC was studied. Three kinds of FA solutions extracted from commercial leaf mold for horticulture were used: FA itself, FA after coagulation (FA-c) and FA after ozonation (FA-oz). Coagulation used as pretreatment before GAC filtration significantly decreased calcium accumulation onto GAC while ozonation caused a small increase on calcium accumulation onto GAC. Acidic functional groups into GAC introduced by adsorption of fulvic acid controlled accumulation of calcium onto GAC. Significant decrease of calcium accumulation onto GAC by coagulation was caused by the removal of the fraction with acidic functional groups from FA.
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