Effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on adverse pregnancy outcomes and complications of GDM

Abstract

To investigate the effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on adverse pregnancy outcomes and complications of gestational diabetes mellitus. 3966 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relative risk between pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and adverse pregnancy outcome. Pre-pregnancy BMI was found to be a risk factor for preeclampsia (OR = 1.159), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.191), gestational hypertension (OR = 1.221), and macrosomia (OR = 1.165). Gestational weight gain was a risk factor for preeclampsia (OR = 1.783), placental abruption (OR = 2.209), and macrosomia (OR = 1.506). Total weight gain during pregnancy cannot be used as a predictor of GDM. Pre-pregnancy BMI is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus complicated with preeclampsia, preterm delivery, gestational hypertension, and macrosomia. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Obesity during pregnancy includes pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Obese pregnant women have a higher risk of pregnancy complications. What do the results of this study add? We focus on the effects of pre-pregnancy BMI on pregnancy outcomes, classified by Asian criteria. Our findings suggest for the first time that excessive weight gain during pregnancy is a risk factor for placental abruption and we specifically point out that total weight gain during pregnancy cannot be used as a predictor of GDM. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study is helpful to monitor the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Asian population and suggest the risk of pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes mellitus and placental abruption.