Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are frequently employed in medical and dental clinics due to their good tissue compatibility, including commercially available pure Ti, Ti6A4V, or Ti-15Zr-4Ta-4Nb. Yet, they may behave very differently when in contact with our plasma because of their own chemical composition. The present study was designed to compare the in vitro behavior of highly pure Ti (>99.99%; hpTi) with those of the above titanium specimens when they were subjected to heating in air (HT), H2O2 and heating (CHT), and heating in air after forming grooves on the surface (GT). Since one of the measures of material-tissue compatibility has been in vitro apatite formation in artificial plasma, like simulated body fluid (SBF) of the Kokubo recipe, the apatite deposition in SBF on their surface and in their grooves were examined in terms of the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion X-ray analysis. The results showed that hpTi was as active in in vitro apatite deposition as the other reference titanium samples mentioned above. Moreover, GT specimens of hpTi induced apatite deposition on the platform of the grooves as well as in the grooves. Therefore, hpTi was concluded to have better activity, and to be clinically applicable.
Highlights
Osseointegration is an important evaluation of titanium and titanium alloys as implant materials, referring to the spontaneous association between bone tissue and implants [1]
This could be caused by chemical treatment amount of titanium oxides formed during thermal oxidation at 400 °C for 1 h may be too small to be with hydrogen peroxide
Titanium oxides were not identified for CHT, indicating that the amount of detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD)
Summary
Osseointegration is an important evaluation of titanium and titanium alloys as implant materials, referring to the spontaneous association between bone tissue and implants [1]. Plasma spraying has been successfully applied in clinical practice These methods cannot be applied to complex shaped substrates such as artificial human bones. Sugio et al and his colleagues have made stupendous achievements in exploring the optimum groove size and heat treatment in air, there is no conclusive evidence that the hemispheres observed in their work [7] are apatite Their later study of Ti-15Zr-4Ta-4Nb [8] failed to explain the anomalous effects that the apatite deposition ability of Ti-15Zr-4Ta-4Nb oxidized at 400 ◦ C was less than at 500 ◦ C and 600 ◦ C, though the amount of -OH groups decreased with increasing temperature. This allows an assessment of in vitro bioactivity of rutile titanium dioxide
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