Abstract
Independent and combined drought and heat stress negatively affect wheat yield and physiology. The present study was aimed to quantify effects of Drought [D], heat [H] and combined heat and drought [HD] during reproductive stage on wheat yield and to identify physio-biochemical traits which were strongly associated with improved yield and tolerance of wheat under stressful conditions. One hundred and eight elite diverse wheat genotypes were exposed to [H], [D] and [HD] treatments from heading till maturity. Grain yield was reduced by 56.47%, 53.05% and 44.66% under [HD], [H] and [D] treatment, respectively. The [HD] treatment affects the grain yield by reducing metabolism and mobilization of reserves to developing grains and leaves. Disintegration of membrane structure, chlorophyll and protein molecules was higher under [H] stress than [D] stress while water status of genotypes and sink strength was more affected by [D] than [H] stress. Multivariate analysis showed a strong correlation of chlorophyll content before and after anthesis, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), proline content (PC) and all other studies agronomic and physiological traits with grain yield while days to anthesis (DTA) and days to maturity (DTM) were negatively associated with grain yield under stress showing advantage of early maturity during stress. Traits having a major contribution in the first two principal components under different stress treatments may lead to improved varieties with heat and drought stress tolerance. To best of over knowledge, the present study is the first detailed study which used physiological and biochemical traits to explain the variation in grain yield and related traits in diverse wheat germplasm.
Highlights
Traits Grains per spike (n) Grain yield (g) Harvest index (%) Spike length Spikelets per spike (n) Days to anthesis (n) Days to maturity (n) Awn Length DW (g) Leaf area Peduncle extrusion Plant height Peduncle length Tillers per plant (n) stress initiate various processes like a decreased rate of photosynthesis coupled with abnormal respiration, closed stomata and high leaf temperature[12]
The present study explores the effects of independent and combined drought and heat stress on yield and physiological traits of diverse wheat germplasm
Drought and stress alone and in combination reduced grain yield and its components, grain yield was most affected under individual heat stress while grain number was more reduced by individual drought stress than individual heat stress
Summary
Traits Grains per spike (n) Grain yield (g) Harvest index (%) Spike length (cm) Spikelets per spike (n) Days to anthesis (n) Days to maturity (n) Awn Length (cm) DW (g) Leaf area Peduncle extrusion (cm) Plant height (cm) Peduncle length (cm) Tillers per plant (n) stress initiate various processes like a decreased rate of photosynthesis coupled with abnormal respiration, closed stomata and high leaf temperature[12]. To best of our knowledge, the present study is first detailed information on effects of combined drought and heat stress on yield and physiology of diverse wheat penal, previous studies report effects of combined stresses on only a small set of genotypes. To find difference in performance of genotypes with different origin under simultaneous heat and drought stress
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