Effects of pomegranate juice on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) has been claimed to provide several health benefits. Pomegranate juice is a polyphenol-rich fruit juice with high antioxidant capacity. Several studies suggested that pomegranate juice can exert antiatherogenic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the potential cardioprotective benefits of pomegranate juice deserve further clinical investigation. To systematically review and meta-analyze available evidence from randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of pomegranate juice consumption and blood pressure (BP). A comprehensive literature search in Medline and Scopus was carried out to identify eligible RCTs. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed using a random-effects model. Quality assessment, sensitivity analysisand publication bias evaluations were conducted using standard methods. Quantitative data synthesis from 8 RCTs showed significant reductions in both systolic [weighed mean difference (WMD): −4.96mmHg, 95% CI: −7.67 to −2.25, p<0.001) and diastolic BP (WMD: −2.01mmHg, 95% CI: −3.71 to −0.31, p=0.021) after pomegranate juice consumption. Effects on SBP remained stable to sensitivity analyses. Pomegranate juice reduced SBP regardless of the duration (>12 wks: WMD=−4.36mmHg, 95% CI: −7.89 to −0.82, p=0.016) and <12 wks: WMD=−5.83 mmHg, 95% CI: −10.05 to −1.61, p=0.007) and dose consumed (>240cc: WMD=−3.62mmHg, 95% CI: −6.62 to −0.63, p=0.018) and <240cc: WMD=−11.01mmHg, 95% CI: −17.38 to −4.65, p=0.001, pomegranate juice per day) whereas doses >240cc provided a borderline significant effect in reducing DBP. The present meta-analysis suggests consistent benefits of pomegranate juice consumption on BP. This evidence suggests it may be prudent to include this fruit juice in a heart-healthy diet.