Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of Malus halliana flower polysaccharide (MHFP) were investigated in this paper. The model of immunosuppressive mice was established by cyclophosphamide, which was treated with different dosages of MHFP (600, 400, and 200 mg/kg·d−1). The results showed that MHFP significantly increased the index of the spleen and thymus and improved the atrophy of immune organs. MHFP enhanced the ability of carbon clearance and phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocytes in mice. Meanwhile, MHFP promoted the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes. MHFP could enhance the content of serum hemolysin and improve the decrease of hemolysin induced by cyclophosphamide. The contents of ACP and LDH in the serum and spleen were determined, indicating that MHFP could enhance the activity of macrophages. MHFP promoted the content of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and mRNA expression. At the same time, the pathological changes of the spleen tissue also showed that MHFP could improve the immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide. In addition, MHFP increased the content of SOD, T-AOC, and CAT in the serum and spleen tissue, decreased the level of MDA, and improved the oxidative stress caused by cyclophosphamide. In conclusion, MHFP could effectively improve the immunosuppression and oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide and enhance the immune capacity of mice.
Highlights
Malus halliana Koehne, belonging to the Rosaceae family, is distributed in Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Zhejiang provinces in China [1]
Cyclophosphamide is commonly used as an antitumor drug with a certain therapeutic effect on a variety of tumors, but this compound cannot show its activity in vitro
The immune function of the body is performed by a complete immune system consisting of organs, cells, and molecules
Summary
Malus halliana Koehne, belonging to the Rosaceae family, is distributed in Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Zhejiang provinces in China [1]. Pharmacological researches showed that M. halliana had the ability to protect the liver, resisting oxidation, inhibiting α-glycosidase in vitro, and suppressing the thrombosis in vivo [3,4,5]. Phytochemical research of M. halliana focused on flavonoids instead of polysaccharides [6, 7]. When the body’s immune function is suppressed, it will inevitably be invaded by infection, cancer, and other diseases. Cancer has become the leading killer of people’s health, and immunosuppression is one of the main adverse reactions of drugs to treat cancer [8, 9]. Research and development of immune-enhancing drugs is crucial. It has been reported in the literature that polysaccharides, as a biological macromolecule, have a variety of biological activities. Xin et al [15] showed that Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides could improve the gastrointestinal (GI) function and strengthen
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