Effects of polydextrose with breakfast or with a midmorning preload on food intake and other appetite-related parameters in healthy normal-weight and overweight females: An acute, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover study

Alvin Ibarra,Kaisa Olli,Wilrike Pasman,Henk Hendriks,Esa Alhoniemi,Ghulam Shere Raza,Karl-Heinz Herzig,Kirsti Tiihonen

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.002

Abstract

Polydextrose (PDX) reduces subsequent energy intake (EI) when administered at midmorning in single-blind trials of primarily normal-weight men. However, it is unclear if this effect also occurs when PDX is given at breakfast time. Furthermore, for ecological validity, it is desirable to study a female population, including those at risk for obesity. We studied the effects of PDX, served as part of a breakfast or midmorning preload, on subsequent EI and other appetite-related parameters in healthy normal-weight and overweight females. Per earlier studies, the primary outcome was defined as the difference in subsequent EI when PDX was consumed at midmorning versus placebo. Thirty-two volunteers were enrolled in this acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, and crossover trial to examine the effects of 12.5 g of PDX, administered as part of a breakfast or midmorning preload, on subsequent EI, subjective feelings of appetite, well-being, and mood. Gastric emptying rates and the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine were measured in the group that received PDX as part of their breakfast. There were no differences in EI between volunteers who were fed PDX and placebo. PDX intake with breakfast tended to elevate blood glucose (P = 0.06) during the postabsorptive phase, significantly lowered insulin by 15.7% (P = 0.04), and increased GLP-1 by 39.9% (P = 0.02); no other effects on blood parameters or gastric emptying rates were observed. PDX intake at midmorning reduced hunger by 31.4% during the satiation period (P = 0.02); all other subjective feelings of appetite were unaffected. Volunteers had a uniform mood profile during the study. PDX was well tolerated, causing one mild adverse event throughout the trial.

Highlights

Our group concluded in a previous meta-analysis that PDX lowers energy intake (EI) at a subsequent meal when served as part of a midmorning preload (Ibarra et al, 2015), but other individual interventions have not had the same effect when PDX is given at breakfast time (Monsivais et al, 2011; Timm, 2012)
Among the limitations we found in our study, there are design considerations that might help future similar interventions to detect differences in EI and other appetite-related parameters, such as: powering the sample size to the variability of a mixed population of normal-weight and overweight femalesdTable S14 suggests a power calculation, based on the results of the present studyd, standardizing the caloric content of the dinner before the test days, adjusting the number of calories at breakfast to the metabolic rate of each volunteer on test days, and providing a high caloric density meal at the ad libitum lunch
This report is the first study to determine the effects of PDX on appetite exclusively in females using a double-blind design when administered with breakfast or with a midmorning preload

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise worldwide (Chen, Magliano, & Zimmet, 2012; NCD-RisC, 2016).A. Several types of dietary fiber control appetite and subsequent energy intake; the effects tend to be small, and the dose-response relationships are not always apparent (Clark & Slavin, 2013; Wanders et al, 2011). Fibers that are more viscous reduce appetite and control energy intake more extensively than those with less viscosity (Wanders et al, 2011). This generalization does not apply universally (Clark & Slavin, 2013)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion