Effects of pollen, sugars and honeydew on lifespan and nutrient levels of Episyrphus balteatus

Abstract

Hoverflies require pollen, nectar and honeydew during their adult stage, but little is known about the suitability and nutrient provision of each of those resources. Thus, in this study we assessed the effect of different types of food, such as carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose and honey), pollen, a mixture of honey and pollen, and honeydew on longevity and nutrient levels of Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Glucose and the mixture of pollen and honey were the food sources that gave the highest longevities. Considering nutrient levels in the body of hoverflies, sucrose generated high levels of fructose, total sugars and glycogen while glucose generated high levels of lipids. This suggests that carbohydrates are important food components for the survival and energy supply of hoverflies, with glucose being the most effective. Honeydew can also be used by hoverflies, representing a significant sugar source that may replace nectar when suitable flowers are scarce in agroecosystems.