Abstract
The effects of ploughness tillage (stubble cultivation with a disc tiller or a spring tine cultivator, or with both in combination, replacing mouldboard ploughing) on evaporation were investigated using undisturbed soil lysimeters (height = 350 mm, diameter = 300 mm) excavated after spring cultivation in May from field experiments in eastern Sweden. The evaporation process was measured on ploughed and unploughed soil lysimeters, both with or without precipitation and with or without a seedbed. The effects on evaporation of incorporating crop residues with or without precipitation into a ploughed seedbed were also measured. The results from a heavy clay and from a silty clay loam showed that both ploughless tillage and incorporated straw reduced cumulative evaporation. The water-conserving effect was greater in irrigated treatments. The positive effect on water conservation was also greater on the silty clay loam than on the heavy clay. The soil structural changes brought about by ploughless tillage in layers under the seedbed acted to reduce the rate of evaporation from soil.
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