Effects of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade by a chimeric monoclonal antibody (Abciximab) on acute and six-month outcomes after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for acute myocardial infarction is an attractive alternative to thrombolysis, but is still limited by recurrent ischemia and restenosis. We determined whether adjunctive platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade improved outcomes in patients undergoing direct and rescue PTCA in the Evaluation of c7E3 for Prevention of Ischemic Complications (EPIC) trial. Of the 2,099 patients undergoing percutaneous intervention who randomly received chimeric 7E3 Fab (c7E3) as a bolus, a bolus and 12-hour infusion, or placebo, 42 underwent direct PTCA for acute myocardial infarction and 22 patients had rescue PTCA after failed thrombolysis. The primary composite end point comprised death, reinfarction, repeat intervention, or bypass surgery. Outcomes were assessed at 30 days and 6 months. Baseline characteristics were similar in direct and rescue PTCA patients. Pooling the 2 groups, c7E3 bolus and infusion reduced the primary composite end point by 83% (26.1% placebo vs 4.5% c7E3 bolus and infusion, p = 0.06). No reinfarctions or repeat urgent interventions occurred in c7E3 bolus and infusion patients at 30 days, although there was a trend toward more deaths in c7E3-treated patients. Major bleeding was increased with c7E3 (24% vs 13%, p = 0.28). At 6 months, ischemic events were reduced from 47.8% with placebo to 4.5% with c7E3 bolus and infusion (p = 0.002), particularly reinfarction (p = 0.05) and repeat revascularization (p = 0.002). We conclude that adjunctive c7E3 therapy during direct and rescue PTCA decreased acute ischemic events and clinical restenosis in the EPIC trial. These data provide initial evidence of benefit for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade during PTCA for acute myocardial infarction.