Abstract
AimsThere is an increasing awareness of the importance of root-associated bacteria and fungi to plant growth. At present, little is known about whether different ginseng cultivars affect the soil rhizosphere microbial community. Here, we examined the changes in the microorganismal diversity and composition of the rhizospheres of different ginseng cultivars.MethodsThe rhizosphere soil of four ginseng cultivars, namely CBGL (GAOLI ginseng), JYSH (COMMON ginseng) and SZSZ (SHIZHU ginseng) and TSBT (BIANTIAO ginseng) were obtained. The 16S rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from the total ginseng rhizosphere microorganism community were analyzed to investigate the diversity and structure of the bacterial and fungal communities of the different ginseng cultivars.ResultsWe found that fungal communities were more influenced by the cultivars than bacterial communities, and we revealed differences in the microbial community composition and diversity among the different ginseng cultivars. We found that fungal diversity was negatively correlated with bacterial diversity in CBGL, JYSH and SZSZ, but, TSBT had the lowest bacterial and fungal diversity, which may be related to the agricultural management for BIANTIAO ginseng. We also discovered certain rhizosphere microorganisms that may be associated with pathogenicity and the long survival time of ginseng cultivars, including Bacillus, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium sp. agrAR069.ConclusionWe conclude that the microbial diversity and community structures under different ginseng cultivars are significantly different and are related to the host cultivar. This result provides information that can be used for the breeding of Panax ginseng.
Highlights
There is a growing awareness of the importance of root-associated bacteria and fungi to plant growth
We found that fungal communities were more influenced by the cultivars than bacterial communities and revealed differences in the microbial community composition and diversity among the different ginseng cultivars
We discovered certain rhizosphere microorganisms that may be associated with pathogenicity and the lifespan of ginseng cultivars, including Bacillus, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp
Summary
Rhizosphere soil samples were collected in August 2018 from four ginseng cultivars, and five to eight biological replications were obtained at the four locations. The JYSH, TSBT, CBGL and SZSZ samples are the rhizosphere soil from six-year-old COMMON, BIANTIAO, SHIZHU and GAOLI ginseng plants, respectively (Table S1). The four different ginseng cultivars were planted in their respective main cultivation regions. Each rhizosphere soil sample was collected from at least three healthy, disease-free ginseng plants. The nonrhizosphere soil was removed, and the rhizosphere soil was passed through a 2 mm sieve. The soil samples were stored at −80°C for subsequent bacterial and fungal DNA extraction. Total soil genomic DNA was extracted by the E.Z.N.A.® soil DNA kit in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions
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