Abstract
In this paper, the causes and mechanisms of residual loads are described and discussed. Methods for measuring pile residual loads in the field are summarized and compared. Specifically, a driven pile and a bored pile were selected to show the effects of residual loads on skin frictions and toe resistances. The results indicate that the skin friction in the upper pile portion and the vertical compressive stiffness of the test piles are overestimated, while the toe resistance is underestimated, if the residual loads are ignored.
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