Abstract
Increased exploitation and use of petroleum resources is leading to increased risk of petroleum contamination of soil and groundwater. Although phytoremediation is a widely-used and cost-effective method for rehabilitating soils polluted by petroleum, bacterial community structure and diversity in soils undergoing phytoremediation is poorly understood. We investigate bacterial community response to phytoremediation in two distinct petroleum-contaminated soils (add prepared petroleum-contaminated soils) from northwest China, Weihe Terrace soil and silty loam from loess tableland. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the bacterial communities in 24 different samples, yielding 18,670 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The dominant bacterial groups, Proteobacteria (31.92%), Actinobacteria (16.67%), Acidobacteria (13.29%) and Bacteroidetes (6.58%), increased with increasing petroleum concentration from 3000 mg/kg–10,000 mg/kg, while Crenarchaeota (13.58%) and Chloroflexi (4.7%) decreased. At the order level, RB41, Actinomycetales, Cytophagales, envOPS12, Rhodospirillales, MND1 and Xanthomonadales, except Nitrososphaerales, were dominant in Weihe Terrace soil. Bacterial community structure and diversity in the two soils were significantly different at similar petroleum concentrations. In addition, the dominant genera were affected by available nitrogen, which is strongly associated with the plants used for remediation. Overall, the bacterial community structure and diversity were markedly different in the two soils, depending on the species of plants used and the petroleum concentration.
Highlights
Soil quality is associated with agricultural production and the quality of human life.Petroleum-related industrial activities lead to extensive soil pollution and, as a result its toxicity to organisms and human health, petroleum has been heavily studied
The contents of soil organic matter (SOM) in the Weihe Terrace soil were higher than the contents in silty loam from Loess tableland
Major components of bacterial communities of soil plots with varied total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) contamination and phytoremediation approaches were identified by high-throughput sequencing technology
Summary
Soil quality is associated with agricultural production and the quality of human life. Petroleum-related industrial activities lead to extensive soil pollution and, as a result its toxicity to organisms and human health, petroleum has been heavily studied. Petroleum products, including diesel, gasoline, and lubricants, can be released to the environment through spills, accidents, as unintended by-products of industrial activities, leading to diffuse and local pollution [1,2]. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2168; doi:10.3390/ijerph15102168 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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