Abstract
In the aquaculture sector, a strategy for the more efficient use of resources and proper disease control is needed to overcome the challenges of meat production worldwide. Modulation of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota is a promising approach for promoting animal health and preventing infection. This feeding experiment was conducted to discover the phytonutrient-induced changes in the gastrointestinal tract microbiota of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Acclimatized animals aged 7 months (30 weeks) were divided randomly into five experimental groups to investigate the effects of the applied feed additives. The dietary supplements were manufactured from anthocyanin-containing processing wastes from the food industry, specifically the production of Hungarian sour cherry extract, synbiotics from fermented corn, and fermentable oligosaccharides from Hungarian sweet red pepper seeds and carotenoids from Hungarian sweet red pepper pulps, applied at a dose of 1%. The gut contents of the animals were collected at four time points throughout the 6-week study period. To track the compositional and diversity changes in the microbiota of the carp intestinal tract, V3-V4 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing was performed. The growth performance of common carp juveniles was not significantly affected by supplementation of the basal diet with plant extracts. Phytonutrients improve the community diversity, increase the Clostridium and Lactobacillus abundances and decrease the abundances of potentially pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, such as Shewanella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas. The phyla Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Chlamydiae were positively correlated with the body weight, whereas Spirochaetes and Firmicutes exhibited negatively correlations with the body weight. We hypothesize that the application of phytonutrients in aquaculture settings might be a reasonable green approach for easing the usage of antibiotics.
Highlights
As the human population is expanding, fish have become an nutrition source of increasing importance [1]
Farming was performed in a temperate climatic zone, and Cyprinus carpio gastrointestinal tract (GIT) samples were monitored through a 6-week fish meat production cycle
This approach allows us to decipher the symbiotic microbiome of 33- to 37-week-old healthy carp, and we observed notable correlations between the fish GIT microbiota and the average body weight (ABW)
Summary
As the human population is expanding, fish have become an nutrition source of increasing importance [1]. The production of total edible aquatic animal food exhibits a greater annual increase than the total terrestrial meat production [2]. The enormously developing aquaculture sector has become the primary source of fish protein and is expected to further expand in order to address the growing needs of the world’s population [3]. The intensification of production has been linked to depressed immunity and decreased resilience to pathogens. Fish diseases have become more significant and lead to serious economic losses [4, 5]. The lack of proper infection control and limited treatment options negatively affect animal development
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