Abstract
Healing of predominantly metaphyseal fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis is delayed and comparatively poor. Hormone replacement therapy could improve fracture healing, but, because of potential side effects, natural alternatives are appealing. The aim of the study was to determine if the soy metabolites equol and genistein, in comparison to 17-β-estradiol, improve metaphyseal fracture healing in postmenopausal osteoporotic bone.Forty-eight 12-week-old female rats developed severe osteoporosis eight weeks after ovariectomy. After a metaphyseal tibial osteotomy and standardized stable internal fixation, changes in callus morphology were evaluated biomechanically, qualitatively and quantitatively (in histological sections and microradiographies) in ovariectomized rats (C) and under standardized 17-β-estradiol-(E), equol- (EQ) and genistein (G)-supplemented diets over a period of five weeks.Estrogen and equol are able to improve the stiffness of callus formation significantly in postmenopausal osteoporotic bone (C: 121.4±47.08 N/mm, E: 147.9±39.38 N/mm, EQ: 167.8±59.9 N/mm). The effects of estrogen are more anabolic than those of equol and are visible in changes to trabecular bone (N.Nd [abs] of E: 6.47±7.68, EQ: 4.25±3.96). However, in terms of the whole body, equol induces a less adverse reaction than estrogen (bodyweight of C: 342.2±19.91 g, E: 280.25±12.05g EQ: 308.75±24.28 g). Genistein as an osteoclast inhibitor influences callus stiffness (G: 144.5±61.52 N/mm) and negatively impacts trabecular structure (N.Nd [abs] of G: 0.59±1.01) in severely osteoporotic bone.Estrogen and equol are able to improve fracture healing in postmenopausal osteoporotic bone, and the extent of callus formation plays only a minor role. Genistein negatively influences fracture healing. The metaphyseal osteotomy model in ovariectomized rats allows researches to accurately study the therapeutic effects of antiosteoporotic substances.
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