Abstract
AbstractIn this study, two types of commercial nanofiltration (NF) membranes (NF70 and NF270) were chosen to remove four model disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors (resorcinol, phloroglucinol, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, and tannic acid) with different functional groups. The clean NF membranes were also characterized by physicochemical properties of membrane surface charge (determined by streaming potential measurement), hydrophobicity [determined by contact angle measurement), membrane surface morphology (determined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM)], surface roughness (determined by AFM), and surface composition (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) to validate the NF rejection mechanisms of the DBP precursors. The filtration experiments of the model DBP precursors were assessed under various pH values (3–10), and the removal efficiencies were good at high pH values for both membranes (84–99% at pH 9 and 89–100% at pH 10). Electrostatic repulsion is the prevailing mechanism f...
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