Abstract
Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is considered a key tobacco smoke carcinogen inducing lung tumors. Physalis peruviana L (harankash) is considered one plant with marked health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate Physalis peruviana L effect on the toxic effect of NNK induced lung cancer in the rats by using pulmonary histopathological, immunohistochemical and DNA flow cytometric analyses. Sixty adult male rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of fifteen animals. The first group received saline, the second received two successive toxic doses of NNK only while the third received two successive toxic doses of NNK with a single daily dose of Physalis peruviana L. The fourth group received a single daily dose of Physalis peruviana L only. Toxic doses of NNK induced hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in the lung and positive immunoreactivity for Ki-67 and p53 staining with disturbance of the lung DNA content. Administration of Physalis peruviana L with NNK led to a mild pulmonary hyperplasia and weak expression of Ki-67 and p53 with an improvement in the lung DNA content. Physalis peruviana L may protect against NNK induced lung carcinogenesis due to its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects.
Highlights
Lung cancer is considered to be one of the most common causes of death in the world, and cigarette smoke represents the most common cause of this cancer type
Nitrosamine 4-(methylnitro-samino)-1-(3pyridyl)-1-butanone which is called as nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is considered the key ingredient of the tobacco smoke carcinogen that plays an essential role in the carcinogenesis of the lung (Lin et al, 2007)
Many studies indicated that there is a strong relationship between the prolonged use of the cigarette smoke and the development of the lung cancer because it contains a large number of carcinogens whereas nitrosamine 4-(methylnitro-samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone which is called as nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)
Summary
Lung cancer is considered to be one of the most common causes of death in the world, and cigarette smoke represents the most common cause of this cancer type. The fruits of physalis peruviana L which are called Cape Gooseberry or Harankash are considered one of these plants that have marked health benefits because it contains high antioxidants, vitamins (A,B, C, E and K), minerals (iron, potassium, phosphorous and zinc), polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates and fibers. It may be used as antiseptic, diuretic, analgesic, antispasmodic and antiparasitic; it is used to reduce the weight of the obese persons in the recent years (Hassanien, 2011)
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