Effects of periodontal therapy on hemoglobin A1c in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of periodontal basic therapy on hemoglobin (HbA1c) and periodontal status of diabetic patients, a total of 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined chronic periodontitis, which included male 58 and female 44 with average age (45±9)yrs, were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2013. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group of 51 patients received hypoglycemic therapy and systemic periodontal therapy. The control group only received hypoglycemic therapy. Periodontal clinical examination indexes included the probing depth(PD), clinical attachment loss(CAL) and aspartate transaminase(AST) in gingival crevicular fluid. Glycemic control was measured as glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c). After supragingival scaling for 3 months and subgingival curettage for 3 months, periondontal indexes of fixed tooth position in the same site and the corresponding HbA1c were recorded in periodontal treatment group. Same indexes were recorded in the control group, too. Independent sample t test was used for the difference between groups. Chi square test was used for the comparison of categorical data. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. After subgingival curettage for 3 months, PD(1.92±0.62)mm, CAL(1.79±0.72)mm, AST(364.0±105.2)mmol/L, in intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group: PD(2.56±0.65)mm, CAL (2.15± 0.57)mm, AST (532.3±112.5)mmol/L (t=2.438, 3.375, 3.591, all P<0.05). In addition, HbA1c (7.3±1.9)% of intervention group was much lower than that (8.1±1.9)% of control group (χ2=2.831, P<0.05). The results suggest supragingival scaling combined with subgingival curettage not only alleviated significantly inflammation of periodontal tissues, but also improved glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Hemoglobin, glycosylated; Periodontitis