Abstract
In this study, the transcriptional profiling of Penicillium digitatum after C12O3TR treatment was analyzed by RNA-Seq technology. A total of 2562 and 667 genes in P. digitatum were differentially expressed after 2 and 12 h treatment, respectively. These genes were respectively mapped to 91 and 79 KEGG pathways. The expression patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 2 and 12 h were similar, mainly were the metabolic processes in cell wall, cell membrane, genetic information and energy. Particularly, the main metabolic process which was affected by C12O3TR stress for 2 and 12 h was cell integrity, including cell wall and cell membrane. The changes of chitin in cell wall was observed by Calcofluor White (CFW) staining assay. The weaker blue fluorescence in the cell wall septa, the decrease of β-1, 3-glucan synthase activity and the increase of chitinase and AKP activity showed that C12O3TR could damage the cell wall integrity. In conclusion, these results suggested that C12O3TR could inhibit the growth of P. digitatum through various mechanisms at transcriptional level, and could influence the cell wall permeability and integrity.
Highlights
During postharvest storage and marketing process, citrus fruit usually suffers significant economic losses mainly due to the green mold disease which was caused by Penicillium digitatum (Droby et al, 2008; Lu et al, 2018)
Conventional chemical fungicides are highly effective against this pathogen, and are commonly used to control the green mold disease on citrus fruit
Based on RNA-seq, an average of 63.93 ± 4.00 million, 66.06 ± 6.00 million, 58.83 ± 2.72 million and 57.94 ± 2.26 million raw reads were generated from C2, C12O3TR2, C12, and C12O3TR12 samples, respectively
Summary
During postharvest storage and marketing process, citrus fruit usually suffers significant economic losses mainly due to the green mold disease which was caused by Penicillium digitatum (Droby et al, 2008; Lu et al, 2018). Conventional chemical fungicides are highly effective against this pathogen, and are commonly used to control the green mold disease on citrus fruit. AMPs are widely present in plants, animals, insects and microorganisms with a broad spectrum of activity against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites (Jenssen et al, 2006). They are important components against invading pathogens in the biological innate immunity system (López-García et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2018a). Serine and threonine metabolism beta-Alanine metabolism Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism Tyrosine metabolism Cysteine and methionine metabolism Glutathione metabolism Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism Fatty acid metabolism Propanoate metabolism Arginine and proline metabolism Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum Phenylalanine metabolism Carbon metabolism Biosynthesis of antibiotics Fructose and mannose metabolism Peroxisome Tryptophan metabolism Fatty acid degradation Steroid biosynthesis Fatty acid biosynthesis Ether lipid metabolism Histidine metabolism Various types of N-glycan biosynthesis Inositol phosphate metabolism Glycerophospholipid metabolism N-Glycan biosynthesis Nitrogen metabolism Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis Butanoate metabolism Cyanoamino acid metabolism Methane metabolism Lysine degradation Glycerolipid metabolism pcs00260 pcs00410 pcs00280 pcs00630 pcs01110 pcs00520 pcs00350 pcs00270 pcs00480 pcs01040 pcs00250 pcs01212 pcs00640 pcs00330 pcs04141 pcs00360 pcs01200 pcs01130 pcs00051 pcs04146 pcs00380 pcs00071 pcs00100 pcs00061 pcs00565 pcs00340 pcs00513 pcs00562 pcs00564 pcs00510 pcs00910 pcs00290 pcs00650 pcs00460 pcs00680 pcs00310 pcs00561 (Continued)
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