Abstract
BackgroundMetabolic profile evaluation is a tool widely used in ruminant nutrition as metabolic cues that relate nutrition to physiology. Metabolic and hormonal traits change during pre-partum and lactation according to parity in dairy cows, but studies of beef cows under grazing are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate how metabolic and hormonal traits change over time, their relationship to performance, and determine if these factors differ according to the parity order of grazing beef cows. Thirty-six pregnant Nellore cows (12 nulliparous, 12 primiparous, and 12 multiparous) were used. The study started at 60 d prepartum until 203 d of lactation.ResultsThe initial body weight (BW) and final BW were higher for multiparous cows (P > 0.05). An interaction occurred between parity and day (P < .0001) for body condition score. Nulliparous and primiparous body condition score were reduced from − 60 prepartum to 30 postpartum, then stabilized 60 postpartum (P < 0.05), while multiparous maintained body condition score from − 60 days until 60 days postpartum (P > 0.05). Calf BW, final BW, and average daily gain did not differ between parities (P > 0.05). Effect of day (P < 0.05) was detected for non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, progesterone, and insulin. An interaction was observed between parity and days for glucose, HDL, β-hydroxybutyrate, creatinine and IGF-1 (P < 0.05). Parity affected serum urea nitrogen, total proteins, albumin, and globulins (P < 0.05). Parity and day relative to calving did not impact total T3 and T4 (P > 0.05).ConclusionsHormonal and metabolic profile is strongly influenced by the stage of lactation. Time effects (pre-partum and lactation period) were more pronounced in nulliparous since they displayed more unbalanced metabolic and hormonal traits and lowered BCS pre- and postpartum.
Highlights
Metabolic profile evaluation is a tool widely used in ruminant nutrition as metabolic cues that relate nutrition to physiology
Calf initial body weight (iBW), final body weight (fBW), and average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between parities (P > 0.05; Table 1)
An interaction occurred between parity and days relative to calving (P < .0001) for body condition score (BCS)
Summary
The initial body weight (iBW) and final body weight (fBW) were higher for multiparous cows (P > 0.05). Effects of parity and days relative to calving were detected for HDL: concentrations were higher for. Total protein increased with parity, and concentrations were highest for multiparous, followed by primiparous and nulliparous (P = 0.002; Fig. 4a). An interaction occurred between parity and days relative to calving for creatinine (P = 0.023) and IGF-1 (P = 0.010; Table 3) concentrations. For IGF-1, concentrations were lower for nulliparous cows at days 7, 14, and 21 and higher for multiparous than nulliparous at days 42, 63, and 91 (P = 0.02; Fig. 6a). Effect of days relative to calving (P < 0.0001; Table 3) were detected for insulin and progesterone, where insulin concentrations peaked on day − 7, decreased until day 42 and increased again, surpassing the first peak (P < 0.05; Fig. 6b). Parity and days relative to calving did not impact total T3 and T4 concentrations (P > 0.05; Table 3)
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