Abstract
In the present investigation, in vivo effects of wasp toxin were evaluated on lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice. A significant elevation was observed in LDH activity in serum, liver and muscles, while the activity of AChE was decreased in serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice after injected the sub lethal dose of Polistes flavus venom. Increase in the activity of LDH shows liver damage, massive disintegration and necrosis of hepatic cells and leakage of the enzyme into the circulation. High LDH level causes intense stress and hypertension and did a significant increase in the rate of oxidation in animals. Therefore, elevation in LDH level increases the glucose catabolism for energy production especially in anaerobic condition. Besides this, increased level of LDH in muscle and liver cells shows insufficient oxygen supply. In experimental animals accumulation of acetylcholine may lead to prolonged activation of acetylcholine receptors and a permanent stimulation of nerves and muscle cells resulting in muscular paralysis and finally imposed death in experimental animals. Contrary to this, in vitro study of wasp venom toxins directly affected the lactic dehydrogenase activity while the venom toxin of the Polistes flavus not directly affects the acetyl cholinesterase in the serum of the albino mice.
Highlights
The paper wasps Polistes flavus are very common species of order- hymenoptera in India and southeastern countries such as Asia, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri-Lanka etc
In present research investigation effects of venoms toxins were established in lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and AchE activity in blood serum, liver and muscles of albino mice
Determination of (LDH) Lactic dehydrogenase Changes in the activity of serum lactic dehydrogenase were measured according to the method of Annon (1984) [17]
Summary
The paper wasps Polistes flavus are very common species of order- hymenoptera in India and southeastern countries such as Asia, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri-Lanka etc. Venom toxins of Polybia paulista showed genotoxic and mutagenic effects and polyamine toxin of wasp is potent open-channel blockers of ionotropic glutamate (IGlu) receptors. Venom toxin of Philanthus triangulum (digger wasp), induces paralysis and central as well as a peripheral effects of a pre-synaptic as well as a post-synaptic neurons. Synthetic delta-philanthotoxin, (PTX4.3.3) acts as a reversible post-synaptic open ion-channel blocker of the glutamatergic neuromuscular system of the locust. It inhibits the high-affinity to re-uptake of glutamate in the nerve endings and glial cells [10]. In present research investigation effects of venoms toxins were established in LDH and AchE activity in blood serum, liver and muscles of albino mice
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