Effects of pain management using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug suppositories during brachytherapy for cervical cancer: A single-center prospective observational study

Abstract

IntroductionNo standardized pain management protocol exists for intracavitary brachytherapy, and various methods of analgesia have been used in different countries and institutions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pain management during intracavitary brachytherapy using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen suppositories. MethodsIn this single-center, prospective, observational study, patients undergoing intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer completed a questionnaire survey after each brachytherapy session, which comprised questions regarding pain intensity, satisfaction with analgesia, and desire for effective anesthesia. ResultsData analysis was performed using data from 100 brachytherapy sessions of 27 patients. The median numerical rating scale (NRS; 0–10) score for each intracavitary brachytherapy session was 3–4. The median satisfaction scale score for analgesia (5-point scale, 1–5) for each session was approximately 4. Eight patients (29.6%) answered that they desired anesthesia more effective than suppositories at any session of brachytherapy. A comparison of the high (NRS≥4) and low (NRS≤3) NRS groups during the first session revealed that the high NRS group tended to have higher NRS scores and lower satisfaction with analgesia during all sessions. A positive correlation was observed between tumor size and the NRS score during the first brachytherapy session. ConclusionsThe NRS score was approximately 3–4, and satisfaction with analgesia was approximately 4 out of 5 when NSAIDs or acetaminophen suppositories were used as analgesics during intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Although the current pain management protocol is clinically acceptable, inadequate analgesia is indicated in approximately 30% of patients.