Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of anorganic bone mineral coated with P-15 peptide (ABM/P-15) on tibia defect repair longitudinally in both normal and osteoporotic rats in vivo. A paired design was used. 24 Norwegian brown rats were divided into normal and osteoporotic groups. 48 cylindrical defects were created in proximal tibias bilaterally. Defects were filled with ABM/P-15 or left empty. Osteoporotic status was assessed by microarchitectural analysis. Microarchitectural properties of proximal tibial defects were evaluated at 4 time points. 21 days after surgery, tibias were harvested for histology and histomorphometry. Significantly increased bone volume fraction, surface density, and connectivity were seen in all groups at days 14 and 21 compared with day 0. Moreover, the structure type of ABM/P-15 group was changed toward typical plate-like structure. Microarchitectural properties of ABM/P-15 treated newly formed bones at 21 days were similar in normal and osteoporotic rats. Histologically, significant bone formation was seen in all groups. Interestingly, significantly increased bone formation was seen in osteoporotic rats treated with ABM/P-15 indicating optimized healing potential. Empty defects showed lower healing potential in osteoporotic bone. In conclusion, ABM/P-15 accelerated bone regeneration in osteoporotic rats but did not enhance bone regeneration in normal rats.
Highlights
One of the major clinical challenges, in orthopedic and reconstructive surgeries, is filling large osseous defects [1, 2]
The effects of ABM/P-15 on bone defect healing were investigated in tibia defect models in both normal and osteoporotic rats [27]
These results indicate that ABM/P-15 significantly promoted new bone formation in osteoporotic bone but did not accelerate new bone formation in normal bone
Summary
One of the major clinical challenges, in orthopedic and reconstructive surgeries, is filling large osseous defects [1, 2]. Bone defects can be due to trauma, surgical procedures, tumor resection, or age-related skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis [3]. Osteoporosis (OP) is a skeletal disorder affecting bone tissue and is characterized by loss of bone mass to a critical level, for bone fractures. Osteoporosis is a public health care problem because of the increase in elderly population, especially elderly women, who suffer additional bone loss due to menopause [3, 4]. In this study an osteoporotic rat model was used to mimic reduced bone quality as found in elderly patients, who are characterized by bone loss related increased fracture risk and decreased fracture healing potential [5]. Large bone defects require bone grafting in order to get healing [6, 7]. The current allograft and xenograft products might cause graft versus host reaction, because the histocompatibility antigens from the graft are different from those of the host [9]
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