Abstract
In this work, the effects of oxide additives on the phase structure and electrical properties of sodium bismuth titanate-based [0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 (BNBT6)] lead-free ceramics were investigated. Results showed that all oxide additives diffused into the BNBT6 lattice to form a single perovskite phase structure. The oxide additives doped into BNBT6 enhanced the electric-field-induced strain without diminishing its piezoelectric activity. With Mn addition, the ceramics obtained a large strain of 0.30 % and high d33 value of 166 pC/N. The strain was sensitive to temperature and increased to 0.43 % at the depolarization temperature. Remarkably, the studied Mn-modified samples exhibited a fatigue-free behavior that is insensitive to temperature. The large strain response, high piezoelectric activity, and temperature-independent fatigue-free behavior suggested that these materials are promising lead-free candidates for electromechanical actuator applications.
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