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Abstract
BackgroundToll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is important to host recognition of invading gram-positive microbes. In goats, these microbes can cause serious mastitis, anthrax, tetanus, and other problems. Transgenic goats constitutively over-expressing TLR2 in many tissues serve as a suitable model for the study of the role of TLR2 over-expression in bacterial clearance.ResultsCapra hircus TLR2 over-expression vector (p3S-LoxP-TLR2) was used to generate transgenic goats by egg microinjection. The integration efficiency was 8.57%. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical results confirmed that the goats over-expressing the TLR2 gene (Tg) expressed more TLR2 than wild-type goats (WT). Monocyte-macrophages from the bloodstreams of transgenic goats were stimulated with synthetic bacterial lipoprotein (Pam3CSK4) and by the promotion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 expression in vitro. The oxidative damage was significantly reduced, and lysozyme (LZM) secretion was found to be up-regulated. Ear tissue samples from transgenic goats that had been stimulated with Pam3CSK4 via hypodermic injection showed that transgenic individuals can undergo the inflammation response very quickly.ConclusionsOver-expression of TLR2 was found to decrease radical damage to host cells through low-level production of NO and MDA and to promote the clearance of invasive bacteria by up-regulating lysozyme secretion and filtration of inflammatory cells to the infected site.
Highlights
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is important to host recognition of invading gram-positive microbes
TLR2 is secreted in a wide variety of tissues and organs, but not all of them show the same levels of expression [6]
This results in translocation of nuclear factor (NF-κB), which in turn causes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO)
Summary
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is important to host recognition of invading gram-positive microbes In goats, these microbes can cause serious mastitis, anthrax, tetanus, and other problems. Most gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus anthracis, M. tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridiumtetani, are harmful They cause a wide range of diseases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromized hosts. This results in translocation of nuclear factor (NF-κB), which in turn causes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO). It is produced by Th2 cells and acts as a mediator of acute phase response. It accelerates the infiltration of inflammatory cells.
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