Effects of outcome feedback on perception of dispositional and situational control in motor skill performance.

Abstract

This experiment investigated the effects of outcome feedback and the type of situation on perception of dispositional and situational control over motor skill performance. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 × 2 (type of situation × past outcome × present outcome) factorial. The subject competed with an opponent (a confederate) on ten pretest and ten test trials of a motor maze task. The results showed that both past and present success enhanced perception of dispositional control in terms of personal ability whereas failure (past and present) facilitated perception of situational control in terms of the opponent's ability. The type of situation had negligible influence on the subject's control perception of their motor performance. The results were viewed as having important implications for studying the effects of social reinforcement and outcome feedback on motor performance and thus for understanding why outcome feedback sometimes increases and sometimes decreases motor performance.