Abstract
At present with concern about environmentally damaging and costly conventional fuels, the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly energy has taken a leadership in recent times. The use of recycled cooking oil is very harmful for health and can cause environmental problems if not properly disposed. Waste cooking oils can however act as cheap feedstock and the best way of using them is for the development of biodiesel. Ultrasonics, a non-conventional process technology, was implemented in one step for the direct conversion to biodiesel for waste cooking oil. The effects of various operating parameters have been investigated, such as catalyst concentration, molar ratio of oil/alcohol and the temperature at 20 kHz frequency. The experiments were conducted using waste cooking sunflower oil (WCSO) as a feedstock to the molar ratio of oil/alcohol (1:3, 1:4, 1:6), reaction time (60 min), reaction temperature (40 °C 50 °C, 60 °C) of three different percentages (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%), with heterogeneous catalyst calcium oxide (CaO). The results show that biodiesels are generated reasonably easily and efficiently by the ultrasound process.
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