Abstract
One of the primary concerns for commercialising deep-sea mining is the environmental impact associated with the pumping seawater. Therefore, this study developed an unresolved coupled model of Computational Fluid Dynamics - Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) to explore water usage under various operating conditions. The model was validated by experimental results from previous research. The study specifically focused on examining the effects of particle friction on the particle output rate and water usage. The results indicated that to minimise the usage of seawater, the injecting speed should be set at a relatively high value to achieve a high discharge rate, such as 3 m/s in this work. The injecting speed for large particles can be set lower than that for small particles. It is recommended to set the pumping flow rate at a relatively low value, as long as it can generate enough lift force to transport the particles.
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