Effects of nursing intervention on bronchial asthma in children: a 10-year follow-up study

Abstract

Objective To explore the importance of nursing intervention in long-term follow-up and prognosis in children with asthma. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to in 100 asthmatic children who were treated in the outpatient department of Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and cooperated with nursing interventions actively. The observation period was 10 years. During the study period, patients' status at the beginning of treatment, the end of medication therapy, the 6th year of follow-up and the 10th year of follow-up were recorded. The content of the follow-up evaluation included an asthma symptom evaluation referring to the symptom score standard of the Children's Bronchial Asthma Guideline for Diagnosis and Prevention (2016 version), a rhinitis score referring to the World Allergy Organization (WAO) Guidelines and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Guidelines, a medication score referring to the scoring program of the WAO Guidelines and clinical evaluation and the number of asthma attack in the past year. SPSS 20.0 was used for data processing and analysis. Chi-square test was used to compare the enumeration data. When the data were not normal distribution or the variance was uneven, the nonparametric test of multiple correlation samples (Friedman test) was adopted for inter-group comparison. Results At the end of treatment, the 6th year of follow-up and at 10th year follow-up, the scores of asthma symptom scores were (1.70±0.68) , (0.78±0.39) and (0.70±0.58) respectively, which were all lower than that before treatment (1.80±0.70) , and the differences were statistically significant (F=79.63, P<0.01) . The differences of asthma symptom scores among the 6th year of follow-up, the 10th year of follow-up and the end of treatment were statistically significant (F=23.40, P<0.01) . The rhinitis scores at the end of treatment, the 6th year and 10th year of follow-up were all lower than that before treatment, with statistical significance (F=36.21, P<0.01) . However, there was no statistical difference in rhinitis score at the 3 time points (F=5.30, P=0.07) . The medication scores at the end of treatment, the 6th and 10th year of follow-up were all lower than that before treatment, with statistical significant (F=143.60, P<0.01) , and the differences of the 3 time points were statistically significant as well (F=96.00, P<0.01) . The acute episodes in the past year at the end of treatment, the 6th and 10th year of follow-up were all lower than that before treatment, with statistical significance (F=116.40, P<0.01) , but there was no significant difference in the 6th and 10th year of follow-up compared with the end of treatment (F=3.20, P=0.20) . Conclusions Nursing interventions significantly increases the degree of attention paid to the disease in children and their family, contributes to the long-term mitigation of bronchial asthma in children, and promotes the outcome of the disease. Key words: Child; Asthma; Nursing intervention; Long-term influence