Abstract
LiNbO3 crystals doped with Gd, Zn, Cu, and Er to various levels were grown by the Czochralski technique. The structural parameters, Curie temperature, and density of the LiNbO3 crystals were determined as a function of composition. With increasing Gd content, thea parameter of the hexagonal cell increases, c remains constant within the experimental error, density increases, and Tc gradually decreases. The defect structure and properties of LiNbO3 doped with Gd, Zn, Cu, Er, Mg, and Ta are contrasted with those of nominally undoped LiNbO3 crystals differing in Li/Nb ratio. The results suggest that the variation of the Curie temperature with composition is determined primarily by the position that the dopant cations occupy in the structure of lithium niobate.
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