Abstract
An effective way to increase the genetic diversity of plants and create sources of resistance to edaphic stressors is the selection of cells under selective in vitro conditions based on somaclonal variation. The use of somaclones (regenerant forms) of barley with resistance to increased acidity, ionic toxicity of aluminum, heavy metals and drought is promising in the northeast of the Non-Black-Soil Zone of Russia. Development of regenerants with integrated resistance to soil stressors due to specific and nonspecific mechanisms is a relevant trend.The target research material was a hybrid combination of spring barley (Luly × Conrad) × 2867-80 and its regenerant forms obtained as a result of cell selection with stressors of various nature. Plants were grown under ordinary soil conditions and on provocative backgrounds with aluminum and cadmium. The productive traits of plants, the symptoms of oxidative stress, and the environment-forming activity of the root system were evaluated.In regenerated plants obtained in callus culture on selective in vitro media with aluminum or water deficiency, an increased ability of the root system to alkalize the medium in the rhizosphere zone (by 0.2–0.5 pH units) when grown on alumina soil was revealed. Against stressful soil backgrounds, regenerative lines induced on in vitro media with cadmium or aluminum were observed to have a low manifestation of oxidative stress symptoms, tested by the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, which provided these genotypes with higher seed productivity (1.5–3.6 times in the number of grains, and 1.5– 3.0 times in the grain weight per plant) and adaptive advantages compared to the original genotype and regenerants induced on an in vitro medium with water deficiency. It is concluded that complex resistance to soil aluminum and cadmium toxicity is formed in barley regenerants obtained in the process of cell selection on in vitro media with any of these metals.
Highlights
An effective way to increase the genetic diversity of plants and create sources of resistance to edaphic stressors is the selection of cells under selective in vitro conditions based on somaclonal variation
The use of somaclones of barley with resistance to increased acidity, ionic toxicity of aluminum, heavy metals and drought is promising in the northeast of the Non-Black-Soil Zone of Russia
The target research material was a hybrid combination of spring barley (Luly × Conrad) × 2867-80 and its regenerant forms obtained as a result of cell selection with stressors of various nature
Summary
Эффективным способом повышения генетического разнообразия растений и создания источников устойчивости к эдафическим стрессорам является отбор клеток в селективных условиях in vitro на основе сомаклональной изменчивости. Использование сомаклонов (регенерантных форм) ячменя (Hordeum vulgare L.) с устойчивостью к повышенной кислотности, ионной токсичности алюминия, тяжелых металлов, засухе перспективно в условиях северо-востока Нечерноземной зоны РФ. Сделан вывод о формировании комплексной устойчивости к токсичности алюминия и кадмия в почве у регенерантов ячменя, полученных в процессе клеточной селекции на средах in vitro с любым из этих металлов. Эффективным способом повышения генетического разнообразия растений и создания источников устойчивости к эдафическим стрессорам является отбор клеток в селективных условиях in vitro. Цель исследований – оценить на провокационных почвенных фонах возможные проявления неспецифической устойчивости регенерантных линий ячменя, индуцированных общим генотипом в селективных системах in vitro с осмотиком, ионами алюминия и кадмия
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