EFFECTS OF NONRANDOM SEED ABORTION ON PROGENY PERFORMANCE IN PHASEOLUS COCCINEUS L.

Abstract

In this study, we sought to determine if Phaseolus coccineus normally aborts potentially viable seeds, and whether seed abortion is nonrandom with respect to progeny vigor. The ovaries of Phaseolus coccineus typically have six linearly arranged ovules. The three ovule positions at the stylar end are more likely to mature seeds than the three ovules at the basal end of the ovary. When we destroyed the developing ovules at the stylar end of the fruit after fertilization but before seed abortion, there was a significant increase in the probability that the ovules in the three basal positions would produce a mature seed. The probability of seed maturation in control fruits (no ovules destroyed) ranged from 38.3 to 42.7% over the three field seasons, whereas in the experimental fruits it ranged from 64.3 to 79.7% (similar to that of ovules at the stylar end in control fruits). We did not find any significant change in the probability of seed production in the three ovule positions in the stylar end of the ovary (the positions with high probability of seed maturation) when the basal ovules were experimentally destroyed. These results indicate that potentially viable seeds are regularly aborted in P. coccineus, with seed abortion more frequent in the basal ovule positions than at the stylar positions. In two greenhouse studies and one field study, we compared the vigor of progeny produced in the control fruits with the vigor of progeny produced in fruits where three ovules (either stylar or basal end) were destroyed. We found that the performance of the progeny from the three positions at the stylar end of the control fruits did not differ from the performance of the progeny from experimental fruits in which the three basal ovule positions were destroyed. In contrast, the progeny from the basal positions of the control fruits outperformed the progeny from the experimental fruits when the seeds were produced in the three basal ovules (stylar ovules destroyed). Our findings indicate that when the experimental treatment increased the probability of seed maturation, there was a significant decrease in the average vigor of the progeny in the remaining (basal) ovule positions.