Effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and activation energy on modified second-grade nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christov expressions

Abstract

The aim of the current contribution is to exploit the effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and activation energy on the flow of modified second-grade fluid with the utilization of nanoparticles. The induced flow has been considered by linear movement of stretched surface which is considered to be porous. Famous modified second-grade fluid enables one to capture the important rheological features of shear thinning and thickening. Following the modern aspects of heat and mass transportations, we have employed the theories of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and generalized Fick’s relations. The additional features of thermal radiation are also utilized in the energy equations with nonlinear expressions. Further, the impact of activation energy is also considered in the current continuation which makes the study quite versatile. While operating the suitable variables, the constituted problem has been distracted in a dimensionless form. The solution procedure has been followed with the implementation of the famous shooting technique with desirable accuracy. The involved engineering parameters are explained graphically with interesting physical consequences. It is noted that velocity distribution declined with a stretching ratio constant and combined parameter. An improved nanoparticles temperature distribution is observed with increases in stretching parameter and Brownian motion constant. The study also reports that the presence of activation energy can be more useful to enhance reaction processes. Based on the obtained scientific computations, it is claimed that the reported results can play a useful role in manufacturing processes and improvement in energy and heat resources.