Abstract
This paper studies the effect of non-idealities of OP AMPs on the performance of active filters. The non-ideality is considered in terms of finite gain, finite gain-bandwidth product, slew-rate, and offset voltages. The effect of these non-idealities on active RC & switched capacitor filters is highlighted. Some ways of reduction of these effects are also suggested and relative advantages and disadvantages of various compensation techniques are discussed.
Highlights
Ideal OP AMP (OA) An ideal OA has the following characteristics: 1. It has infinite input impedance2
Replacing A by Aotoo/S + too gives the total effect of OA finite G B on filter
(ii) Set up the charge conservation equations (CCE) for the OA input nodes for given phase
Summary
The effect of finite GB is to make the integrator lossy This type of filter can be realized by a two section loop as shown in the Fig. 1.4. The actual Qp increases at high resonant frequency because of finite gain and bandwidth in a non-ideal OA. The result will not be in the form of an expression, but a plot of the curve will result, considering the effect of non-ideality This would be the plot of actual performance of the filter. Slew rate, which is the time rate of change of the closed loop amplifier output voltage under large signal conditions, can-cause serious degradation of the filter frequency response, sometimes leading to instability.
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