Abstract
<p>Wheat growth is hampered by various environmental stresses including salinity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nitrogen effect on seedling emergence and growth under salinity conditions. For this reason the seeds of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) varieties Argine, and Elnilein from Sudan and Xumai 30, and Yang 10-13 from China were cultured under four NaCl solutions containing (0, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) and three nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels (N0 = 0, N1 = 105, and N2 12 = 210 kg N/h). Emergence percentage and early growth were determined. There were significant differences among salinity and N levels for emergence percentage shoot and root length, dry weight, salt tolerance index, and seedling vigor index. At all salinity levels, the varieties showed similar salt resistance, but each responded differently. Nitrogen affected positively on the seedling characteristics under saline soil. Elnilein had a better emergence percentage, shoot and root length, dry weight, salt tolerance index, and seedling vigor index than the other varieties. Elnilein is recommended for saline soils. We suggest that a simple seedling test would be a useful selection tool in order to develop productive new wheat lines on saline soils.</p>
Highlights
Salinity is one of the main abiotic stresses and playing main role in decreasing on yield and of many crops and degradation of soil in the world (Meloni et al, 2008)
The results showed that seedling growth parameters of wheat varieties were significantly affected by V, S, N and their interactions on most occasions
Results showed that Seedling Vigor Index (SVI) was significantly affected by all experimental factors and their combinations except nitrogen levels (Table 1)
Summary
Salinity is one of the main abiotic stresses and playing main role in decreasing on yield and of many crops and degradation of soil in the world (Meloni et al, 2008). The reduction in growth observed in many plants subjected to salinity stress is often correlated with salt-induced osmotic effect, nutrient deficiency, specific ion toxicity, or their combinations (Munns, 2002). Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient in crop production, and its efficient use to increase food production is more than any other input; much use of N may cause environmental concerns such as nitrate leaching, eutrophication, and greenhouse gas’s emissions and reduce crop yield (Malhi et al, 2001). It has been estimated that 40%-60% of N-applied is taken up by wheat, which decreases as the N-input increases, resulting in higher residual soil N that can be readily leached (Guarda et al, 2004)
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