Abstract
Proton conducting Ba(Zr,Ce,Y)O3−δ: solid state reactive sintering with NiO, transient liquid phase, complex phase evolution, increased grain size, density and decreased proton uptake.
Highlights
Fuel cells based on ceramic proton conducting electrolytes have several advantages over oxide conductor based solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) such as a higher electrolyte conductivity at intermediate temperatures (300–600 C), and water formation at the cathode side which facilitates operation at high fuel utilization
When a higher amount of 0.5 or 1.0 wt% NiO is used, the grains grow up to 2–6 mm. For the latter sample the grains develop the equilibrium hexagonal shape predicted by the Wulff construction. These results clearly demonstrate the effect of NiO addition in promoting BZCY grain growth and densi cation
These data demonstrate that a high NiO content of 1.0 wt% yields a high density already at 1400 C. These results show that dense samples can be obtained above 1400–1450 C for 1.0–0.5 wt% NiO addition
Summary
Fuel cells based on ceramic proton conducting electrolytes (protonic ceramic fuel cells, PCFCs) have several advantages over oxide conductor based solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) such as a higher electrolyte conductivity at intermediate temperatures (300–600 C), and water formation at the cathode side which facilitates operation at high fuel utilization (see e.g. ref. 1–7). While other additives such as ZnO,[19,23] CoO,[19,24] and CuO19,25 improve the sintering, NiO is preferred because it is present in PCFCs on the anode side anyway and – if not deliberately added to the electrolyte layer – diffuses in from the anode BZY–Ni mixture.[7,26,27] SSRS with NiO tends to yield better bulk and grain boundary conductivities than the use of other sintering aids and procedures, NiO addition has detrimental effects Paper detailed investigation of bulk and GB conductivity will be reported separately
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